If your doctor has recommended an HSG test as part of your infertility evaluation, you may be wondering what the procedure feels like, why it is done, and what to expect on the day of the appointment. Many patients feel anxious about possible pain or the unfamiliar process, so this guide is designed to walk you through the details – from preparation to recovery – in clear and simple terms.
What is an HSG Test?
An HSG test (hysterosalpingogram) is an X-ray procedure used to check whether the fallopian tubes are open and whether the shape of the uterus is normal. During the test, a dye is inserted through the cervix so the reproductive organs show up on X-ray images. The HSG test procedure usually takes about 15–30 minutes, and while some people experience only mild discomfort, others report stronger cramping. The test is often scheduled after a menstrual period but before ovulation.
Understanding the HSG Test
The HSG test, short for hysterosalpingogram, is a specialized X-ray exam that provides important information about the reproductive system. It helps doctors evaluate:
- Whether the fallopian tubes are open
- The shape and structure of the uterine cavity
Doctors usually recommend the test as part of an infertility evaluation if you have been trying to conceive without success, have a history of pelvic infection or surgery, or if uterine or tubal abnormalities are suspected.
Why Do Doctors Order an HSG Test?
The HSG test can reveal details that other tests, such as ultrasounds or blood work, cannot. It plays an important role in identifying issues that may affect conception, including:
- Blocked fallopian tubes, which prevent sperm and egg from meeting
- Uterine scarring or adhesions that interfere with implantation
- Structural differences such as fibroids, polyps, or congenital conditions
By identifying these problems, the HSG test helps guide the next steps in treatment, such as whether surgery, IVF, or other fertility interventions may be recommended.
How the HSG Test Procedure Works
Here is what typically happens during the HSG test procedure:
- You will lie on an exam table, similar to a pelvic exam.
- A speculum is inserted into the vagina, and the cervix is gently cleaned.
- A thin catheter is placed through the cervix into the uterus.
- Contrast dye is injected through the catheter.
- X-ray images are taken as the dye moves through the uterus and fallopian tubes.
The entire HSG procedure usually takes less than 30 minutes, though you may spend more time at the office for preparation and recovery.
Is the HSG Test Painful?
“Is the HSG test painful?” is one of the most common questions patients ask. In reality, experiences vary widely. Some patients say it feels similar to strong menstrual cramps, while others describe only mild discomfort. A smaller number report sharper pain, particularly if one or both tubes are blocked.
Factors that can affect pain levels include individual sensitivity, whether the tubes are open or blocked, and how easily the catheter is placed.
- If the tubes are open, discomfort often peaks when the dye is injected but usually subsides quickly.
- If a tube is blocked, the dye pressure can cause more intense pain.
Most people recover within minutes, but it is best to discuss pain management strategies with your doctor in advance.
When Is the Best Time to Do an HSG Test?
The best time to schedule an HSG test is after a menstrual period ends but before ovulation, usually between cycle days 7 and 12. This timing ensures that the patient is not pregnant and allows for the clearest imaging.
Looking for preparation tips? See our article on how to prepare for an HSG test.
Recovery and Side Effects
After the HSG test, light spotting and mild cramping are common for a day or two. Most patients resume normal activities the same day. Rare but possible complications include infection or an allergic reaction to the dye.
Contact your doctor if you experience:
- Fever or chills
- Heavy bleeding
- Severe or worsening abdominal pain
FAQs: HSG Test
Why New Hope?
The HSG test is a valuable diagnostic tool in fertility care, helping doctors identify uterine or tubal issues that may affect conception. While the procedure can be uncomfortable for some, it is quick, safe, and provides information that other tests cannot.
Our fertility specialists can help you interpret your HSG results and guide you toward the next steps in your fertility treatment. To schedule your consultation, call (347) 970-8479 or book an appointment online.
Written by the New Hope Editorial Team
As experts in IVF and Assisted Reproductive Technologies, we are committed to educating and empowering people on their fertility journey with accurate information and compassionate care.